Thanks, I've been on here for a while just haven't posted anything.
I've caught some flack for this on other forums but I have never used marine plywood for any transom or floor I've done. So far as I know, every boat I've ever worked on is still going strong and some of the boats have 15 years on them now. YMMV. 5/8" should be plenty.
It probably doesn't make a difference as I doubt anyone would ever notice but the governing USCG Reg for foam (# 33 CFR 183.114) is 2 lbs/ft^3. My experience with A-B foam is you never get the advertised yield, i.e. if the kit says you should get 18 ft^3 when expanded, you end up with a less than that even when pouring it in 90*F summer heat. Yield is somewhat dependent on ambient temperature, yield is higher when it is warm outside. An unheated garage in winter isn't a good idea for doing glass work or pouring A-B foam. I have salvaged good chunks of the old foam in boat hulls (foam that isn't discolored or showing evidence of moisture) and thrown those chunks into the cavities to be filled before pouring fresh foam in. Those foam blocks get encapsulated with new foam and save a little bit of $.
Not sure how you plan to look for leaking rivets but the method I've always used is to take the round end of a 12oz ball peen hammer and tap ALL the rivets with it. Pay attention to the sound. This method will show you all the leakers plus the ones that are getting ready to let go.
Use the right rivets for the repair. Regular hardware store rivets are not proper to use on an alumium boat hull. Personally, I would rip out the old floor, transom and flotation foam first, then inspect & replace all questionable rivets. That way you can get at most of the rivets from both sides if needed.
A-B foam kicks (starts to expand) pretty fast and you want to make sure you have it mixed well before it starts to go. If you plan to mix it with a paint stick or whatever, you won't get it mixed in time. As a mixer, I took a 12" long x 3/8" carriage bolt i had laying around and drilled a couple holes through the rounded end about 2 or 3" apart. Then I poked a chunk of wire from a coat hanger through the holes and bent it into a square shape and brazed the wire in place so it won't come out. I chuck that up in my drill and use that as a mixing head. It works better than most commercial mixers I have seen because you can clean it off with a utility knife after the foam hardens - most of the mixers you buy have plastic parts on them that aren't so knife friendly.
When I know I have a floor job coming up, I have all my friends and family start saving empty gallon milk and water jugs for me. Ask them rinse the milk jugs out first and tell them you don't need the cap (this lets them dry out inside and not ferment). Take a utility knife and cut the top off the jugs at about a 45* angle and you have a perfect & free disposable mixing container. I also use these for mixing resin when doing glass work. Foam and floor jobs I have done, I have needed >20 jugs...
If you go the route of using polyester resin, avoid getting the peroxide hardener on your bare skin or clothing... chances are you will only do it once, then you'll understand what I'm talking about
Make sure you get the FRESHEST poly resin you can find. The crap that's been sitting on the shelf at West Marine or Home Depot with an 1/8" of dust on the lid isn't any good. Poly resin has a shelf life. The fresher the better. Old resin will still react but it doesn't flow as well as fresh resin, you could also end up with issues bonding to the wood substrate (it won't soak into the wood as well), might not cure 100%, may not cross-link properly with bottom layers or top coats, etc.